Maintenance activities (maintenance) of railway facilities cannot be separated from the inspection work of the components attached to the railway facilities. The railroad facilities themselves, based on Law Number 23 of 2007 concerning Railways, consist of locomotives, trains, carriages and special equipment.

Maintenance is an activity to maintain, to maintain transportation facilities, facilities and equipment in the process of inspection, maintenance, repair, replacement and other activities that are expected to always be in a ready-to-operate condition or ready-to-use. Visually can see, feel, and hear.

Maintenance management can be used to create a policy regarding maintenance activities, by incorporating technical aspects and management controls into a maintenance program. In general, the higher the repair activity in a system, the more important the need for management and control in maintenance.

In the maintenance of railway facilities, there are several influencing elements, one of which is the types of maintenance carried out on a railway facility.

When referring to Law Number 23 of 2007 Part Three concerning Maintenance of Railway Facilities in article 114 paragraph 2, it is stated that maintenance of railway facilities includes two main points, namely periodic maintenance and repairs to restore its function.

Then the statutory provisions above were emphasized again in the Minister of Transportation Regulation Number PM 18 of 2019 concerning Standards for Places and Equipment for Maintenance of Railway Facilities. In CHAPTER III concerning Maintenance of Railway Facilities, Article 4 paragraph 2, describes that periodic maintenance consists of six stages, namely daily maintenance, monthly maintenance, 6 (six) monthly maintenance, annual maintenance, 2 (two) annual maintenance, 4 (four) maintenance. (four) annually.

Article 4 paragraph 3, describes repairs to restore their functions to be carried out on construction and damaged components so that they can function again and are carried out on an unscheduled basis.

Then looking at several references, one of which is in a journal entitled Analysis of the Evaluation System for Railroad Facility Maintenance at Balai Yasa Pulubrayan Medan, states that the maintenance process for railroad facilities is carried out periodically.

There are two types of maintenance schedules, namely small-scale maintenance, consisting of P1 which is carried out within one month. P3 which is carried out within a period of three months, P6 which is carried out within a period of six months, P12 which is carried out within a period of twelve months and large-scale maintenance, namely P24 which is carried out within a period of twenty-four months.

One other reference, describes more broadly the types of maintenance of railway facilities. The scientific text in the Proceedings of the 22nd Inter-Higher Education Study Forum Symposium at Halu Oleo University, Kendari, states that maintenance of railway facilities includes preventive maintenance, time directed maintenance, condition based maintenance, failure finding, run to failure, and corrective maintenance. .

For the first, preventive maintenance is an important component in maintenance activities. Preventive maintenance is a maintenance activity carried out before failure or damage occurs to a system or component, where previously planning has been carried out with systematic supervision, detection and correction, so that the system or component can maintain its functional capability. Some of the goals of preventive maintenance are to detect failures or damage earlier, minimize failures, and minimize product failures caused by system damage.

Then the second type of maintenance, which is time-directed maintenance, can be carried out if the time variable of a component or system is known. The appropriate maintenance policies to be applied to time-directed maintenance are periodic maintenance and on-condition maintenance. Periodic maintenance (hard time maintenance) is preventive maintenance that is carried out on a scheduled basis and aims to replace a system component based on certain time intervals. On-condition maintenance is a maintenance activity carried out based on operator policy.

The third type of maintenance, condition-based maintenance, is a preventive maintenance activity carried out based on certain conditions of a component or system, which aims to anticipate a component or system so that it does not suffer damage. Because the time variable is not known, the appropriate policy under these conditions is predictive maintenance. Predictive maintenance is a maintenance activity carried out using a monitoring system, or visual monitoring or laboratory checking of the components of each facility unit.

The fourth type of maintenance, failure finding is a preventive maintenance activity that aims to detect hidden failures, carried out by periodically checking hidden functions to determine when a component fails.

While the fifth type of maintenance, run to failure is classified as preventive maintenance due to accidental factors that can occur in some equipment. It is also known as no schedule maintenance because it is carried out if there are no effective and efficient preventive measures that can be taken, if preventive measures are too expensive or the impact of failure is not essential (not too influential).

The seventh type of maintenance, namely corrective maintenance, is a maintenance activity carried out to overcome failures or damage found during the preventive maintenance period. In general, corrective maintenance is not a scheduled maintenance activity, because it is carried out after a component is damaged and aims to restore the reliability of a component or system to its original condition.

From the description of the types of maintenance for railway facilities, the Railway Maintenance Office has carried out periodic maintenance which is included in the preventive maintenance category, and time-directed maintenance, as well as remedial maintenance to restore functions which are included in the corrective maintenance category.

Railway facilities maintenance facilities are carried out at the Ngrombo Workshop, which is located in Grobogan Regency, and at state-owned railway facilities placement places managed by the Railway Maintenance Office. (yogo)

 

Muhardono, Aditya Wahyu Erlangga. (2019). Facility Maintenance Problems. Proceedings of the 22nd Inter-Higher Education Study Forum Symposium. Kendari: Halu Oleo University.

Mazruk, Sherina Said, Nuri Aslami. (2022). Analysis of the Rail Facilities Maintenance Evaluation System at Balai Yasa Pulubrayan Medan. Jurma Journal, Creative Student Program Journal Vol.6 No. 1, June 2022. Bogor: Ibn Khaldun University.